typeScript进阶

type Name = string;
type NameResolver = () => string;
type NameOrResolver = Name | NameResolver;
function getName(n: NameOrResolver): Name {
    if (typeof n === 'string') {
        return n;
    } else {
        return n();
    }
}

type EventNames = 'click' | 'scroll' | 'mousemove';
function handleEvent(ele: Element, event: EventNames) {
    // do something
}
handleEvent(document.getElementById('hello'), 'scroll');  // 没问题
handleEvent(document.getElementById('world'), 'dbclick'); // 报错，event 不能为 'dbclick'
// index.ts(7,47): error TS2345: Argument of type '"dbclick"' is not assignable to parameter of type 'EventNames'.

let tom: [string, number] = ['Tom', 25];

let tom: [string, number];
tom[0] = 'Tom';
tom[1] = 25;

tom[0].slice(1);
tom[1].toFixed(2);

let tom: [string, number];
tom[0] = 'Tom';

let tom: [string, number];
tom = ['Tom', 25];

let tom: [string, number];
tom = ['Tom'];
// Property '1' is missing in type '[string]' but required in type '[string, number]'.

let tom: [string, number];
tom = ['Tom', 25];
tom.push('male');
tom.push(true);
// Argument of type 'true' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string | number'.

// name 被设置为了 public，所以直接访问实例的 name 属性是允许的
class Animal {
    public name;
    public constructor(name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

let a = new Animal('Jack');
console.log(a.name); // Jack
a.name = 'Tom';
console.log(a.name); // Tom

// 很多时候，我们希望有的属性是无法直接存取的，这时候就可以用 private 了
class Animal {
    private name;
    public constructor(name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

let a = new Animal('Jack');
console.log(a.name); // Jack
a.name = 'Tom';

// index.ts(9,13): error TS2341: Property 'name' is private and only accessible within class 'Animal'.
// index.ts(10,1): error TS2341: Property 'name' is private and only accessible within class 'Animal'.

// 使用 private 修饰的属性或方法，在子类中也是不允许访问的，而如果是用 protected 修饰，则允许在子类中访问
class Animal {
    protected name;
    public constructor(name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
    constructor(name) {
        super(name);
        console.log(this.name);
    }
}

class Animal {
    readonly name;
    public constructor(name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

let a = new Animal('Jack');
console.log(a.name); // Jack
a.name = 'Tom';

// index.ts(10,3): TS2540: Cannot assign to 'name' because it is a read-only property.

class Animal {
    name: string;
    constructor(name: string) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    sayHi(): string {
      return `My name is ${this.name}`;
    }
}

let a: Animal = new Animal('Jack');
console.log(a.sayHi()); // My name is Jack

interface Alarm {
    alert();
}

interface Light {
    lightOn();
    lightOff();
}

class Car implements Alarm, Light {
    alert() {
        console.log('Car alert');
    }
    lightOn() {
        console.log('Car light on');
    }
    lightOff() {
        console.log('Car light off');
    }
}

interface Alarm {
    alert();
}

interface LightableAlarm extends Alarm {
    lightOn();
    lightOff();
}

class Point {
    x: number;
    y: number;
}

interface Point3d extends Point {
    z: number;
}

let point3d: Point3d = {x: 1, y: 2, z: 3};

function createArray<T>(length: number, value: T): Array<T> {
    let result: T[] = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        result[i] = value;
    }
    return result;
}

createArray<string>(3, 'x'); // ['x', 'x', 'x']

function swap<T, U>(tuple: [T, U]): [U, T] {
    return [tuple[1], tuple[0]];
}

swap([7, 'seven']); // ['seven', 7]

interface Lengthwise {
    length: number;
}

function loggingIdentity<T extends Lengthwise>(arg: T): T {
    console.log(arg.length);
    return arg;
}

interface CreateArrayFunc<T> {
    (length: number, value: T): Array<T>;
}

let createArray: CreateArrayFunc<any>;
createArray = function<T>(length: number, value: T): Array<T> {
    let result: T[] = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        result[i] = value;
    }
    return result;
}

createArray(3, 'x'); // ['x', 'x', 'x']

createArray(3, 'x'); // ['x', 'x', 'x']

class GenericNumber<T> {
    zeroValue: T;
    add: (x: T, y: T) => T;
}

let myGenericNumber = new GenericNumber<number>();
myGenericNumber.zeroValue = 0;
myGenericNumber.add = function(x, y) { return x + y; };

function createArray<T = string>(length: number, value: T): Array<T> {
    let result: T[] = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        result[i] = value;
    }
    return result;
}